Judges 12: Ephraim’s Quarrel and the Shibboleth Test

Ephraim threatens Jephthah for fighting Ammon without them, and a civil war follows in which Gilead holds the Jordan crossings and uses the word Shibboleth to expose fleeing Ephraimites. Jephthah dies after six years, and the short judgeships of Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon are recorded.

Reading level: General

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What was Ephraim’s complaint against Jephthah (Judges 12:1)?

He had fought Ammon without summoning themHe had made a vow without asking their priestsHe had moved the tabernacle away from ShilohHe had taken Ephraim’s land as his reward