Exodus 6 Study Notes
General
Whom did Aaron marry, according to 6:23?
Answer: Elisheba, Amminadab's daughter and Nahshon's sister
Aaron's wife was Elisheba, Amminadab's daughter and Nahshon's sister, and she gave him four sons, including Eleazar (6:23). Nahshon later became the leader of the tribe of Judah (Numbers 1:7), and he appears in the family line of Jesus (Matthew 1:4). So Aaron, from the priestly tribe of Levi, married into the family of Judah, the tribe of Israel's future kings. Aaron's four sons are the same ones later chosen to serve as priests (Exodus 28:1). Zipporah was Moses' wife, and Jochebed was the mother of Aaron and Moses (6:20).
- Exodus 6:23 (BSB)“And Aaron married Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, and she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.”Aaron marries Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, who bears him four sons.
- Numbers 1:7 (BSB)“from Judah, Nahshon son of Amminadab;”Nahshon son of Amminadab is named as the leader from the tribe of Judah.
- Matthew 1:4 (BSB)“Ram was the father of Amminadab, Amminadab the father of Nahshon, and Nahshon the father of Salmon.”Nahshon appears in the genealogy of Jesus, placing Aaron's wife in the family of the royal line.
- Exodus 28:1 (BSB)““Next, have your brother Aaron brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, to serve Me as priests.”Aaron's four sons named here are the same four appointed to serve as priests.
Theological
Whom does 6:23 name as Aaron's wife?
Answer: Elisheba, Amminadab's daughter and Nahshon's sister
Aaron's wife is Elisheba, Amminadab's daughter and Nahshon's sister, mother of his four sons (6:23). Nahshon was the leader of Judah (Numbers 1:7) and stands in the messianic genealogy (Matthew 1:4), so the priestly house of Aaron is joined by marriage to the royal tribe. The four sons listed are those later consecrated to the priesthood (Exodus 28:1). Zipporah was Moses' wife, and Jochebed the mother of Aaron and Moses (6:20).
- Exodus 6:23 (BSB)“And Aaron married Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, and she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.”Aaron marries Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, who bears him four sons.
- Numbers 1:7 (BSB)“from Judah, Nahshon son of Amminadab;”Nahshon son of Amminadab is named as the leader from the tribe of Judah.
- Matthew 1:4 (BSB)“Ram was the father of Amminadab, Amminadab the father of Nahshon, and Nahshon the father of Salmon.”Nahshon appears in the genealogy of Jesus, placing Aaron's wife in the family of the royal line.
- Exodus 28:1 (BSB)““Next, have your brother Aaron brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, to serve Me as priests.”Aaron's four sons named here are the same four appointed to serve as priests.
General
What does God recall about His covenant with the patriarchs in 6:4?
Answer: He had promised them Canaan, where they had lived as outsiders
God reminds Moses that He made a covenant, a binding promise, with the patriarchs to give them Canaan as their home (6:4). That was the very land in which they had lived only as foreigners and temporary residents. God had promised Abraham all of Canaan as a lasting possession (Genesis 17:7-8), yet Abraham received no inheritance of his own there (Acts 7:5), and the patriarchs lived there in tents as strangers (Hebrews 11:9). God's promise was still waiting to be fulfilled, and He was about to act on it.
- Exodus 6:4 (BSB)“I also established My covenant with them to give them the land of Canaan, the land where they lived as foreigners.”God recalls the covenant He established with the patriarchs to give them Canaan, where they lived as foreigners.
- Genesis 17:7-8 (BSB)“I will establish My covenant as an everlasting covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you. And to you and your descendants I will give the land where you are residing—all the land of Canaan—as an eternal possession; and I will be their God.””God established an everlasting covenant with Abraham, including the gift of all Canaan.
- Hebrews 11:9 (BSB)“By faith he dwelt in the promised land as a stranger in a foreign country. He lived in tents, as did Isaac and Jacob, who were heirs with him of the same promise.”Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob lived in the promised land as strangers, living in tents.
- Acts 7:5 (BSB)“He gave him no inheritance here, not even a foot of ground. But God promised to give possession of the land to Abraham and his descendants, even though he did not yet have a child.”God gave Abraham no inheritance in the land, yet promised it to him and his descendants.
Theological
What covenant commitment does God recall in 6:4?
Answer: The grant of Canaan to the patriarchs, the land of their sojourning
God recalls that He established His covenant with the patriarchs to give them Canaan, the land of their sojourning (6:4). The Abrahamic covenant included the land as an everlasting possession (Genesis 17:7-8), yet Abraham received no inheritance there (Acts 7:5), and the patriarchs lived in it as strangers dwelling in tents (Hebrews 11:9). The promise remained unfulfilled across generations, and the exodus is God's move to fulfill it, grounded entirely in His prior covenant commitment rather than in Israel's merit.
- Exodus 6:4 (BSB)“I also established My covenant with them to give them the land of Canaan, the land where they lived as foreigners.”God recalls the covenant He established with the patriarchs to give them Canaan, where they lived as foreigners.
- Genesis 17:7-8 (BSB)“I will establish My covenant as an everlasting covenant between Me and you and your descendants after you, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you. And to you and your descendants I will give the land where you are residing—all the land of Canaan—as an eternal possession; and I will be their God.””God established an everlasting covenant with Abraham, including the gift of all Canaan.
- Hebrews 11:9 (BSB)“By faith he dwelt in the promised land as a stranger in a foreign country. He lived in tents, as did Isaac and Jacob, who were heirs with him of the same promise.”Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob lived in the promised land as strangers, living in tents.
- Acts 7:5 (BSB)“He gave him no inheritance here, not even a foot of ground. But God promised to give possession of the land to Abraham and his descendants, even though he did not yet have a child.”God gave Abraham no inheritance in the land, yet promised it to him and his descendants.
General
What two things does God say He has done in 6:5?
Answer: He has heard Israel's groaning under slavery, and He has remembered His covenant
God says He has heard the cries of Israel in their slavery to Egypt, and He has remembered His covenant (6:5). When the Bible says God remembers, it does not mean He had forgotten. It means He is about to act on His promise. The same words appear earlier, when God heard Israel's cry and recalled His covenant with the patriarchs (2:24-25). God keeps His covenant forever (Psalm 105:8-10), and Zechariah later praised God for remembering the covenant He swore to Abraham by sending the Savior (Luke 1:72-73).
- Exodus 6:5 (BSB)“Furthermore, I have heard the groaning of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians are enslaving, and I have remembered My covenant.”God has heard the groaning of the enslaved Israelites and remembered His covenant.
- Exodus 2:24-25 (BSB)“So God heard their groaning, and He remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. God saw the Israelites and took notice.”Earlier God heard Israel's groaning, remembered His covenant, and took notice of them.
- Psalm 105:8-10 (BSB)“He remembers His covenant forever, the word He ordained for a thousand generations— the covenant He made with Abraham, and the oath He swore to Isaac. He confirmed it to Jacob as a decree, to Israel as an everlasting covenant:”God remembers His covenant forever, the covenant made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
- Luke 1:72-73 (BSB)“to show mercy to our fathers and to remember His holy covenant, the oath He swore to our father Abraham, to grant us”Zechariah praises God for remembering His holy covenant with Abraham in sending the Savior.
Theological
What does God declare in 6:5, and what does His remembering signify?
Answer: He has heard Israel's groaning and remembered His covenant, meaning He is now acting on His promise
God declares that He has heard enslaved Israel's cries and remembered His covenant (6:5), echoing 2:24-25. Divine remembering is not the recovery of forgotten information; it is God's covenant faithfulness moving into action. His covenant stands forever (Psalm 105:8-10), and the same language reaches its climax when Zechariah blesses God for remembering His holy covenant sworn to Abraham in the coming of Christ (Luke 1:72-73). Israel's deliverance rests on God's sworn promise, not on Israel's worthiness.
- Exodus 6:5 (BSB)“Furthermore, I have heard the groaning of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians are enslaving, and I have remembered My covenant.”God has heard the groaning of the enslaved Israelites and remembered His covenant.
- Exodus 2:24-25 (BSB)“So God heard their groaning, and He remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. God saw the Israelites and took notice.”Earlier God heard Israel's groaning, remembered His covenant, and took notice of them.
- Psalm 105:8-10 (BSB)“He remembers His covenant forever, the word He ordained for a thousand generations— the covenant He made with Abraham, and the oath He swore to Isaac. He confirmed it to Jacob as a decree, to Israel as an everlasting covenant:”God remembers His covenant forever, the covenant made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
- Luke 1:72-73 (BSB)“to show mercy to our fathers and to remember His holy covenant, the oath He swore to our father Abraham, to grant us”Zechariah praises God for remembering His holy covenant with Abraham in sending the Savior.
General
Which promise does God give Israel in 6:6?
Answer: He will free them from the heavy burdens of Egypt and redeem them by His outstretched arm and mighty judgments
God tells Moses to announce to Israel that He is the LORD, and that He will rescue them from the heavy load the Egyptians put on them, free them from slavery, and redeem them by His outstretched arm and great acts of judgment (6:6). To redeem means to set someone free, often by paying a price or by using power on their behalf. God does not simply make slavery easier; He ends it by His own strength. Israel later remembered how God's strong hand and outstretched arm had brought them out (Deuteronomy 26:8), because He loved them and kept His promise (Deuteronomy 7:8). This rescue points ahead to Jesus, who gave Himself to redeem a people for God (Titus 2:14).
- Exodus 6:6 (BSB)“Therefore tell the Israelites: ‘I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians and deliver you from their bondage. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment.”God promises to bring Israel out from Egypt's yoke, deliver them from bondage, and redeem them with power and judgment.
- Deuteronomy 7:8 (BSB)“But because the LORD loved you and kept the oath He swore to your fathers, He brought you out with a mighty hand and redeemed you from the house of slavery, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.”Moses explains that God redeemed Israel from slavery because He loved them and kept His oath.
- Deuteronomy 26:8 (BSB)“Then the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, with great terror, signs, and wonders.”Israel later confesses that God brought them out with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm.
- Titus 2:14 (BSB)“He gave Himself for us to redeem us from all lawlessness and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, zealous for good deeds.”Christ gave Himself to redeem a people for His own possession, the fuller redemption the exodus pictures.
Theological
What does God promise Israel in 6:6?
Answer: Deliverance from Egypt's burdens and redemption by His outstretched arm and great acts of judgment
Grounded in His name, God promises to bring Israel out from under Egypt's burdens, deliver them from bondage, and redeem them by His outstretched arm and great judgments (6:6). Redemption here is deliverance accomplished by God's own power at the cost of judgment on the oppressor, and it flows from His sovereign love and oath, not Israel's merit (Deuteronomy 7:8). Israel's creed later rehearses exactly this deliverance by God's strong hand and outstretched arm (Deuteronomy 26:8). The exodus is the Old Testament paradigm of redemption fulfilled in Christ, who gave Himself to redeem a people belonging to Him (Titus 2:14).
- Exodus 6:6 (BSB)“Therefore tell the Israelites: ‘I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians and deliver you from their bondage. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment.”God promises to bring Israel out from Egypt's yoke, deliver them from bondage, and redeem them with power and judgment.
- Deuteronomy 7:8 (BSB)“But because the LORD loved you and kept the oath He swore to your fathers, He brought you out with a mighty hand and redeemed you from the house of slavery, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.”Moses explains that God redeemed Israel from slavery because He loved them and kept His oath.
- Deuteronomy 26:8 (BSB)“Then the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, with great terror, signs, and wonders.”Israel later confesses that God brought them out with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm.
- Titus 2:14 (BSB)“He gave Himself for us to redeem us from all lawlessness and to purify for Himself a people for His own possession, zealous for good deeds.”Christ gave Himself to redeem a people for His own possession, the fuller redemption the exodus pictures.
General
Why did the Israelites not listen to Moses when he gave them God's promises (6:9)?
Answer: Their spirits were crushed by discouragement and the harshness of their slavery
Moses tells the Israelites everything God promised, but they do not listen, because their spirits are crushed and their slavery is so cruel (6:9). Just a short time earlier they had believed and worshiped (4:31), but the harsher labor of chapter 5 left them too discouraged to hope. God does not give up on them. He is near to people whose hearts are broken (Psalm 34:18), and His chosen Servant deals gently with the bruised and weak (Isaiah 42:3). Later, after He parts the sea, these same people will believe (Exodus 14:31). God's promise did not depend on their ability to feel hopeful.
- Exodus 6:9 (BSB)“Moses relayed this message to the Israelites, but on account of their broken spirit and cruel bondage, they did not listen to him.”Moses delivers the promises, but the Israelites do not listen because of their broken spirit and harsh slavery.
- Psalm 34:18 (BSB)“The LORD is near to the brokenhearted; He saves the contrite in spirit.”The LORD is near to the brokenhearted and saves those who are contrite in spirit.
- Isaiah 42:3 (BSB)“A bruised reed He will not break and a smoldering wick He will not extinguish; He will faithfully bring forth justice.”God's Servant does not break a bruised reed, showing His gentleness toward the crushed.
- Exodus 14:31 (BSB)“When Israel saw the great power that the LORD had exercised over the Egyptians, the people feared the LORD and believed in Him and in His servant Moses.”After God's great act at the sea, the people who could not listen here come to believe.
Theological
What reason does 6:9 give for Israel's failure to heed Moses?
Answer: Anguish of spirit and the severity of their bondage
Israel does not heed Moses because of anguish of spirit and harsh bondage (6:9), a reversal of the faith and worship of 4:31 under the pressure of chapter 5. Their unresponsiveness does not derail God's purpose; His promise proceeds on the ground of His covenant, not their emotional capacity to receive it. The LORD stays close to the brokenhearted (Psalm 34:18), His Servant does not break a bruised reed (Isaiah 42:3), and after the deliverance at the sea these same people believe (Exodus 14:31).
- Exodus 6:9 (BSB)“Moses relayed this message to the Israelites, but on account of their broken spirit and cruel bondage, they did not listen to him.”Moses delivers the promises, but the Israelites do not listen because of their broken spirit and harsh slavery.
- Psalm 34:18 (BSB)“The LORD is near to the brokenhearted; He saves the contrite in spirit.”The LORD is near to the brokenhearted and saves those who are contrite in spirit.
- Isaiah 42:3 (BSB)“A bruised reed He will not break and a smoldering wick He will not extinguish; He will faithfully bring forth justice.”God's Servant does not break a bruised reed, showing His gentleness toward the crushed.
- Exodus 14:31 (BSB)“When Israel saw the great power that the LORD had exercised over the Egyptians, the people feared the LORD and believed in Him and in His servant Moses.”After God's great act at the sea, the people who could not listen here come to believe.
General
What argument does Moses make when God tells him to go back to Pharaoh (6:10-12)?
Answer: If his own people refuse to hear him, Pharaoh certainly will not, especially since he is a poor speaker
God sends Moses back to demand that Pharaoh release Israel from his land (6:10-11). Moses argues back: if his own people refuse to hear him, why would Pharaoh? And he adds, again, that he is a poor speaker (6:12). This is the same complaint Moses made at the burning bush (4:10). Moses is looking at his own weakness and at the people's unbelief instead of at God's promise. But the success of God's work never depended on Moses' skill. Paul says that any ability God's servants have comes from God (2 Corinthians 3:5), and God gave the same answer to Jeremiah when he protested that he could not speak (Jeremiah 1:6-7).
- Exodus 6:10-12 (BSB)“So the LORD said to Moses, “Go and tell Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the Israelites go out of his land.” But in the LORD’s presence Moses replied, “If the Israelites will not listen to me, then why would Pharaoh listen to me, since I am unskilled in speech?””God sends Moses back to Pharaoh, and Moses objects that if Israel will not listen, Pharaoh surely will not, since he speaks poorly.
- Exodus 4:10 (BSB)““Please, Lord,” Moses replied, “I have never been eloquent, neither in the past nor since You have spoken to Your servant, for I am slow of speech and tongue.””Moses had raised the same complaint about his speech at the burning bush.
- 2 Corinthians 3:5 (BSB)“Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim that anything comes from us, but our competence comes from God.”Paul says the adequacy of God's servants comes from God, not from themselves.
- Jeremiah 1:6-7 (BSB)““Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I surely do not know how to speak, for I am only a child!” But the LORD told me: “Do not say, ‘I am only a child.’ For to everyone I send you, you must go, and all that I command you, you must speak.”Another prophet pleads his inability to speak, and God still sends him.
Theological
What is the logic of Moses' objection in 6:10-12?
Answer: An argument from the lesser to the greater: if Israel will not heed him, much less will Pharaoh, given his poor speech
Commanded to demand Israel's release from Pharaoh (6:10-11), Moses argues from the lesser to the greater: if Israel will not listen, how much less Pharaoh, especially given his poor speech (6:12), reprising his objection at the bush (4:10). The objection measures the mission by human capacity and human response. Scripture consistently locates the sufficiency of God's servants in God, not in themselves (2 Corinthians 3:5; Jeremiah 1:6-7). The effectiveness of the word depends on the God who sends it.
- Exodus 6:10-12 (BSB)“So the LORD said to Moses, “Go and tell Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the Israelites go out of his land.” But in the LORD’s presence Moses replied, “If the Israelites will not listen to me, then why would Pharaoh listen to me, since I am unskilled in speech?””God sends Moses back to Pharaoh, and Moses objects that if Israel will not listen, Pharaoh surely will not, since he speaks poorly.
- Exodus 4:10 (BSB)““Please, Lord,” Moses replied, “I have never been eloquent, neither in the past nor since You have spoken to Your servant, for I am slow of speech and tongue.””Moses had raised the same complaint about his speech at the burning bush.
- 2 Corinthians 3:5 (BSB)“Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim that anything comes from us, but our competence comes from God.”Paul says the adequacy of God's servants comes from God, not from themselves.
- Jeremiah 1:6-7 (BSB)““Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I surely do not know how to speak, for I am only a child!” But the LORD told me: “Do not say, ‘I am only a child.’ For to everyone I send you, you must go, and all that I command you, you must speak.”Another prophet pleads his inability to speak, and God still sends him.
General
What relationship does God promise to establish with Israel in 6:7?
Answer: He will take them as His own people, and He Himself will be God to them
God promises to take Israel as His own people and to be their God (6:7). This is the heart of the covenant, God's binding promise-relationship with His people. It is repeated throughout Scripture: God promises to walk among Israel as their God (Leviticus 26:12), the new covenant promised through Jeremiah centers on the same relationship (Jeremiah 31:33), and the Bible ends with God dwelling with His people forever as their God (Revelation 21:3). Rescue from Egypt was never only about freedom from slavery; it was about belonging to God.
- Exodus 6:7 (BSB)“I will take you as My own people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God, who brought you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians.”God promises to take Israel as His own people and be their God, and says they will know He is the LORD who brought them out.
- Leviticus 26:12 (BSB)“I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be My people.”God repeats the promise to walk among Israel, be their God, and make them His people.
- Jeremiah 31:33 (BSB)““But this is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the LORD. I will put My law in their minds and inscribe it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they will be My people.”The same promise stands at the heart of the new covenant.
- Revelation 21:3 (BSB)“And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying: “Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man, and He will dwell with them. They will be His people, and God Himself will be with them as their God.”The promise reaches its final fulfillment when God dwells with His people forever.
Theological
What covenant relationship does God promise in 6:7?
Answer: He will take Israel as His own people and bind Himself to them as God
God promises to take Israel as His people and to be their God (6:7), the covenant formula that runs through all Scripture. It is restated in the Sinai covenant (Leviticus 26:12), placed at the center of the new covenant (Jeremiah 31:33), and consummated when God dwells with His people in the new creation (Revelation 21:3). The exodus is therefore not merely political liberation but God's claiming of a people for Himself, a relationship initiated and secured by His own sovereign grace.
- Exodus 6:7 (BSB)“I will take you as My own people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God, who brought you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians.”God promises to take Israel as His own people and be their God, and says they will know He is the LORD who brought them out.
- Leviticus 26:12 (BSB)“I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be My people.”God repeats the promise to walk among Israel, be their God, and make them His people.
- Jeremiah 31:33 (BSB)““But this is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the LORD. I will put My law in their minds and inscribe it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they will be My people.”The same promise stands at the heart of the new covenant.
- Revelation 21:3 (BSB)“And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying: “Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man, and He will dwell with them. They will be His people, and God Himself will be with them as their God.”The promise reaches its final fulfillment when God dwells with His people forever.
General
How does the LORD answer Moses' complaint at the start of chapter 6 (6:1)?
Answer: Moses will now see what God does to Pharaoh: because of God's mighty hand, Pharaoh will release the people and even force them out
God does not scold Moses for his complaint. Instead He promises that Moses will now watch God act against Pharaoh. Because of God's mighty hand, Pharaoh will release Israel, and he will even force them to leave his country (6:1). God had said from the start that only His mighty hand would move the king (3:19-20). Later God repeats that Pharaoh will force them out completely (11:1), and when the time comes, Israel leaves Egypt in such a rush that they are described as driven out (12:39). What looked like failure in chapter 5 was the setting for God's great power.
- Exodus 6:1 (BSB)“But the LORD said to Moses, “Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh, for because of My mighty hand he will let the people go; because of My strong hand he will drive them out of his land.””The LORD answers Moses' complaint by promising that His mighty hand will make Pharaoh release Israel and even drive them out.
- Exodus 3:19-20 (BSB)“But I know that the king of Egypt will not allow you to go unless a mighty hand compels him. So I will stretch out My hand and strike the Egyptians with all the wonders I will perform among them. And after that, he will release you.”God had already said that only His mighty hand would compel the king to release Israel.
- Exodus 11:1 (BSB)“Then the LORD said to Moses, “I will bring upon Pharaoh and Egypt one more plague. After that, he will allow you to leave this place. And when he lets you go, he will drive you out completely.”Before the final plague God repeats that Pharaoh will not only release Israel but drive them out completely.
- Exodus 12:39 (BSB)“Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.”Israel leaves in such haste that the text says they were driven out of Egypt, fulfilling this promise.
Theological
What is the substance of God's reply to Moses' lament in 6:1?
Answer: A promise that Moses will witness God's action, His mighty hand compelling Pharaoh to release and even expel Israel
God answers the lament of 5:22-23 not with rebuke but with renewed promise: Moses will now see what God will do, for by a mighty hand Pharaoh will release Israel and indeed expel them (6:1). The promise restates what God had declared at the bush (3:19-20), is repeated before the final plague (11:1), and is fulfilled when Israel is expelled from Egypt in haste (12:39). The deepening crisis of chapter 5 served to magnify the power of God's deliverance.
- Exodus 6:1 (BSB)“But the LORD said to Moses, “Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh, for because of My mighty hand he will let the people go; because of My strong hand he will drive them out of his land.””The LORD answers Moses' complaint by promising that His mighty hand will make Pharaoh release Israel and even drive them out.
- Exodus 3:19-20 (BSB)“But I know that the king of Egypt will not allow you to go unless a mighty hand compels him. So I will stretch out My hand and strike the Egyptians with all the wonders I will perform among them. And after that, he will release you.”God had already said that only His mighty hand would compel the king to release Israel.
- Exodus 11:1 (BSB)“Then the LORD said to Moses, “I will bring upon Pharaoh and Egypt one more plague. After that, he will allow you to leave this place. And when he lets you go, he will drive you out completely.”Before the final plague God repeats that Pharaoh will not only release Israel but drive them out completely.
- Exodus 12:39 (BSB)“Since their dough had no leaven, the people baked what they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves. For when they had been driven out of Egypt, they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.”Israel leaves in such haste that the text says they were driven out of Egypt, fulfilling this promise.
General
True or False: After Moses objected in 6:12, God released him from his task and sent Aaron alone.
Answer: False
This is false. God does not release Moses. Instead, He speaks to both brothers and gives them a solemn command regarding both Israel and Egypt's king, with the goal of leading Israel out of Egypt (6:13). A charge is a firm command given with authority. God sends both brothers together, as the Psalms and prophets later remember (Psalm 105:26; Micah 6:4). In the next chapter they obey and carry out the LORD's command exactly (7:6-7).
- Exodus 6:13 (BSB)“Then the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron and gave them a charge concerning both the Israelites and Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.”God gives Moses and Aaron a charge concerning both Israel and Pharaoh, to bring Israel out of Egypt.
- Psalm 105:26 (BSB)“He sent Moses His servant, and Aaron, whom He had chosen.”God sent Moses His servant and Aaron, whom He had chosen.
- Micah 6:4 (BSB)“For I brought you up from the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery. I sent Moses before you, as well as Aaron and Miriam.”God reminds Israel that He sent Moses and Aaron when He brought them up from Egypt.
- Exodus 7:6-7 (BSB)“So Moses and Aaron did just as the LORD had commanded them. Moses was eighty years old and Aaron was eighty-three when they spoke to Pharaoh.”Moses and Aaron obey the charge and carry out what the LORD commanded.
Theological
True or False: In response to Moses' objection, God released Moses and commissioned Aaron alone.
Answer: False
This is false. God answers the objection not by releasing Moses but by issuing a formal charge to both Moses and Aaron concerning Israel and Pharaoh, to bring Israel out of Egypt (6:13). The two are jointly commissioned, as Israel's later worship and prophecy recall (Psalm 105:26; Micah 6:4), and they go on to do as the LORD commanded (7:6-7). God's call is not withdrawn because of the servant's weakness.
- Exodus 6:13 (BSB)“Then the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron and gave them a charge concerning both the Israelites and Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.”God gives Moses and Aaron a charge concerning both Israel and Pharaoh, to bring Israel out of Egypt.
- Psalm 105:26 (BSB)“He sent Moses His servant, and Aaron, whom He had chosen.”God sent Moses His servant and Aaron, whom He had chosen.
- Micah 6:4 (BSB)“For I brought you up from the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery. I sent Moses before you, as well as Aaron and Miriam.”God reminds Israel that He sent Moses and Aaron when He brought them up from Egypt.
- Exodus 7:6-7 (BSB)“So Moses and Aaron did just as the LORD had commanded them. Moses was eighty years old and Aaron was eighty-three when they spoke to Pharaoh.”Moses and Aaron obey the charge and carry out what the LORD commanded.
General
Where does God promise to bring Israel in 6:8?
Answer: Into the land pledged by oath to the patriarchs, to be Israel's own possession
God promises to bring Israel into the land pledged by oath to the patriarchs, and to give it to them as their own possession (6:8). God had confirmed this oath to Isaac (Genesis 26:3), and generations later the book of Joshua reports that God gave Israel the whole land He had promised on oath (Joshua 21:43). God keeps His word, even across hundreds of years. The book of Hebrews adds that the patriarchs were ultimately yearning for a better, heavenly homeland (Hebrews 11:16), which God has prepared for His people.
- Exodus 6:8 (BSB)“And I will bring you into the land that I swore to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I will give it to you as a possession. I am the LORD!’””God promises to bring Israel into the land He swore to the patriarchs and give it to them as a possession.
- Genesis 26:3 (BSB)“Stay in this land as a foreigner, and I will be with you and bless you. For I will give all these lands to you and your offspring, and I will confirm the oath that I swore to your father Abraham.”God confirmed to Isaac the oath He swore to Abraham to give the land to his offspring.
- Joshua 21:43 (BSB)“Thus the LORD gave Israel all the land He had sworn to give their fathers, and they took possession of it and settled in it.”The book of Joshua records that God gave Israel all the land He had sworn to their fathers.
- Hebrews 11:16 (BSB)“Instead, they were longing for a better country, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for He has prepared a city for them.”The patriarchs longed for a better, heavenly country, the ultimate goal to which the land promise pointed.
Theological
What is the destination God promises in 6:8?
Answer: The land sworn to the patriarchs, given to Israel as a possession
God pledges to bring Israel into the land sworn by oath to the patriarchs and to give it to them as a possession (6:8). The oath was confirmed to Isaac (Genesis 26:3) and fulfilled when God gave Israel the whole land He had promised on oath (Joshua 21:43). The land promise itself pointed beyond Canaan, for the patriarchs sought a better, heavenly country (Hebrews 11:16), the inheritance God has prepared for all His people.
- Exodus 6:8 (BSB)“And I will bring you into the land that I swore to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I will give it to you as a possession. I am the LORD!’””God promises to bring Israel into the land He swore to the patriarchs and give it to them as a possession.
- Genesis 26:3 (BSB)“Stay in this land as a foreigner, and I will be with you and bless you. For I will give all these lands to you and your offspring, and I will confirm the oath that I swore to your father Abraham.”God confirmed to Isaac the oath He swore to Abraham to give the land to his offspring.
- Joshua 21:43 (BSB)“Thus the LORD gave Israel all the land He had sworn to give their fathers, and they took possession of it and settled in it.”The book of Joshua records that God gave Israel all the land He had sworn to their fathers.
- Hebrews 11:16 (BSB)“Instead, they were longing for a better country, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for He has prepared a city for them.”The patriarchs longed for a better, heavenly country, the ultimate goal to which the land promise pointed.
General
In 6:2-3 God says the patriarchs knew Him as God Almighty, yet not by His name the LORD. What does this mean?
Answer: The patriarchs knew Him mainly as the all-powerful God who made promises; now Israel would know by experience the full meaning of His covenant name as He kept those promises
God reminds Moses that He appeared to the three patriarchs as God Almighty, the all-powerful God who made them great promises (6:2-3; Genesis 17:1). Genesis shows that the name the LORD was already known and used in their time (Genesis 12:8; 15:7). So God's point is not that the word was unheard of, but that the patriarchs had not yet experienced its full meaning. In the Bible, to know God's name often means to know Him by what He does. The patriarchs lived and died with the promises still unfulfilled. Now, by rescuing Israel and keeping His covenant (His binding promise), God would show what His name the LORD truly means: the faithful God who does what He has promised (Exodus 3:15).
- Exodus 6:2-3 (BSB)“God also told Moses, “I am the LORD. I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as God Almighty, but by My name the LORD I did not make Myself known to them.”God says He appeared to the patriarchs as God Almighty but did not make Himself known to them by His name the LORD.
- Genesis 17:1 (BSB)“When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to him and said, “I am God Almighty. Walk before Me and be blameless.”God appeared to Abram with the self-designation God Almighty, as 6:3 says.
- Genesis 12:8 (BSB)“From there Abram moved on to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel to the west and Ai to the east. There he built an altar to the LORD, and he called on the name of the LORD.”Abram called on the name of the LORD, showing the name itself was already in use.
- Genesis 15:7 (BSB)“The LORD also told him, “I am the LORD, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.””God spoke to Abram using the name, so what was new in Exodus was the depth of knowing it.
- Exodus 3:15 (BSB)“God also told Moses, “Say to the Israelites, ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.’ This is My name forever, and this is how I am to be remembered in every generation.”God declares that the LORD is His name forever, the name He now reveals in saving action.
Theological
What does God mean in 6:2-3 when He says the patriarchs did not know Him by His name the LORD?
Answer: The patriarchs knew Him chiefly as God Almighty, the Promiser; Israel would now know the covenant name experientially as He fulfilled His promises in redemption
God appeared to the patriarchs as God Almighty (El Shaddai), the sovereign God who pledged the promises (6:2-3; Genesis 17:1). Genesis records the patriarchs calling on the name the LORD and God addressing them by it (Genesis 12:8; 15:7), so the contrast is not about the bare word. To know God by His name is to know Him in the character His acts display. The patriarchs received the promises but did not see them fulfilled; Israel would come to know the LORD, the name He declares to be His forever (Exodus 3:15), as the covenant-keeping God who accomplishes redemption. The chapter itself ties this knowledge to His saving acts (6:6-7).
- Exodus 6:2-3 (BSB)“God also told Moses, “I am the LORD. I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as God Almighty, but by My name the LORD I did not make Myself known to them.”God says He appeared to the patriarchs as God Almighty but did not make Himself known to them by His name the LORD.
- Genesis 17:1 (BSB)“When Abram was ninety-nine years old, the LORD appeared to him and said, “I am God Almighty. Walk before Me and be blameless.”God appeared to Abram with the self-designation God Almighty, as 6:3 says.
- Genesis 12:8 (BSB)“From there Abram moved on to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel to the west and Ai to the east. There he built an altar to the LORD, and he called on the name of the LORD.”Abram called on the name of the LORD, showing the name itself was already in use.
- Genesis 15:7 (BSB)“The LORD also told him, “I am the LORD, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.””God spoke to Abram using the name, so what was new in Exodus was the depth of knowing it.
- Exodus 3:15 (BSB)“God also told Moses, “Say to the Israelites, ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.’ This is My name forever, and this is how I am to be remembered in every generation.”God declares that the LORD is His name forever, the name He now reveals in saving action.
General
True or False: After the family list, chapter 6 closes with Moses once again protesting that he is a poor speaker whom Pharaoh will not heed.
Answer: True
This is true. After the family list, the story picks up again where it left off. When God addressed Moses in Egypt that day, He told him to tell Pharaoh everything He said, and Moses replied again that since he was a poor speaker, Pharaoh would not listen (6:28-30). This repeats Moses' objection from 6:12, bringing the reader back to the scene before the family list. God answers in the next verses by appointing Aaron to speak for Moses before Pharaoh (7:1-2), much as He had earlier made Aaron his spokesman to the people (4:15-16). God's power works through weak servants (2 Corinthians 12:9).
- Exodus 6:28-30 (BSB)“Now on the day that the LORD spoke to Moses in Egypt, He said to him, “I am the LORD; tell Pharaoh king of Egypt everything I say to you.” But in the LORD’s presence Moses replied, “Since I am unskilled in speech, why would Pharaoh listen to me?””After the genealogy the narrative returns to the scene in Egypt, where Moses again pleads his poor speech.
- Exodus 7:1-2 (BSB)“The LORD answered Moses, “See, I have made you like God to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron will be your prophet. You are to speak all that I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his land.”God answers the repeated objection by appointing Aaron as Moses' prophet before Pharaoh.
- Exodus 4:15-16 (BSB)“You are to speak to him and put the words in his mouth. I will help both of you to speak, and I will teach you what to do. He will speak to the people for you. He will be your spokesman, and it will be as if you were God to him.”God had already provided Aaron as spokesman in answer to the same objection.
- 2 Corinthians 12:9 (BSB)“But He said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly in my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest on me.”God's grace is sufficient, and His power is made perfect in weakness.
Theological
True or False: Chapter 6 closes by resuming the narrative with Moses again pleading his poor speech as a reason Pharaoh will not listen.
Answer: True
This is true. The closing verses (6:28-30) resume the narrative interrupted by the genealogy, repeating God's command to speak to Pharaoh and Moses' objection from 6:12 about his poor speech. The resumption sets up God's answer, the appointment of Aaron as Moses' prophet before Pharaoh (7:1-2), which renews the provision already made in 4:15-16. The servant's weakness becomes the occasion for God's sufficient grace (2 Corinthians 12:9).
- Exodus 6:28-30 (BSB)“Now on the day that the LORD spoke to Moses in Egypt, He said to him, “I am the LORD; tell Pharaoh king of Egypt everything I say to you.” But in the LORD’s presence Moses replied, “Since I am unskilled in speech, why would Pharaoh listen to me?””After the genealogy the narrative returns to the scene in Egypt, where Moses again pleads his poor speech.
- Exodus 7:1-2 (BSB)“The LORD answered Moses, “See, I have made you like God to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron will be your prophet. You are to speak all that I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his land.”God answers the repeated objection by appointing Aaron as Moses' prophet before Pharaoh.
- Exodus 4:15-16 (BSB)“You are to speak to him and put the words in his mouth. I will help both of you to speak, and I will teach you what to do. He will speak to the people for you. He will be your spokesman, and it will be as if you were God to him.”God had already provided Aaron as spokesman in answer to the same objection.
- 2 Corinthians 12:9 (BSB)“But He said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is perfected in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly in my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest on me.”God's grace is sufficient, and His power is made perfect in weakness.
General
True or False: In 6:7 God says Israel will come to know Him as the LORD and as their own God through His act of freeing them from Egypt's burdens.
Answer: True
This is true. God promises that Israel will know Him as the LORD, their own God, the one who freed them from the burdens of Egypt (6:7). Knowing God here is more than knowing facts about Him. It means knowing Him personally through what He has done for them. This theme repeats throughout Exodus: God gives food in the wilderness so they will know He is the LORD (16:12), and He dwells among them as the God who rescued them from Egypt (29:45-46). Jesus said that eternal life itself is knowing the one true God (John 17:3).
- Exodus 6:7 (BSB)“I will take you as My own people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God, who brought you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians.”God says that through the exodus Israel will know that He is the LORD their God.
- Exodus 16:12 (BSB)““I have heard the grumbling of the Israelites. Tell them, ‘At twilight you will eat meat, and in the morning you will be filled with bread. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God.’””God gives food in the wilderness so that Israel will know He is the LORD their God.
- Exodus 29:45-46 (BSB)“Then I will dwell among the Israelites and be their God. And they will know that I am the LORD their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt so that I might dwell among them. I am the LORD their God.”Israel will know the LORD as the God who brought them out of Egypt to dwell among them.
- John 17:3 (BSB)“Now this is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom You have sent.”Jesus defines eternal life as knowing the only true God and the One He sent.
Theological
True or False: According to 6:7, Israel's knowledge that the LORD is their God would come through His act of redemption from Egypt.
Answer: True
This is true. God ties Israel's knowledge of Him to His saving act: they will know Him as the LORD and as their own God, the one who freed them from Egypt's burdens (6:7). This is the experiential, covenantal knowledge anticipated in 6:3, and it recurs through Exodus in God's provision (16:12) and His dwelling among His redeemed people (29:45-46). Saving knowledge of God is relational, which Jesus identifies with eternal life itself (John 17:3).
- Exodus 6:7 (BSB)“I will take you as My own people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God, who brought you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians.”God says that through the exodus Israel will know that He is the LORD their God.
- Exodus 16:12 (BSB)““I have heard the grumbling of the Israelites. Tell them, ‘At twilight you will eat meat, and in the morning you will be filled with bread. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God.’””God gives food in the wilderness so that Israel will know He is the LORD their God.
- Exodus 29:45-46 (BSB)“Then I will dwell among the Israelites and be their God. And they will know that I am the LORD their God, who brought them out of the land of Egypt so that I might dwell among them. I am the LORD their God.”Israel will know the LORD as the God who brought them out of Egypt to dwell among them.
- John 17:3 (BSB)“Now this is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom You have sent.”Jesus defines eternal life as knowing the only true God and the One He sent.
General
Why does the family list in 6:14-27 begin with Reuben and Simeon but then give most of its attention to the tribe of Levi?
Answer: To show the family line of Moses and Aaron, the leaders God chose to bring Israel out of Egypt
The list starts in birth order with Reuben and Simeon, Jacob's first two sons, then slows down at Levi, Jacob's third son (6:14-16). From Levi it traces the line through Kohath to Amram, who married Jochebed and became the father of Aaron and Moses (6:16-20). The list then closes by saying plainly that this is the same Aaron and Moses whom the LORD told to bring Israel out of Egypt (6:26-27). Its purpose is to show who these leaders are and where they came from within Israel. The names match those of Jacob's family who went down to Egypt (Genesis 46:8-11), and the same line appears in Chronicles (1 Chronicles 6:1-3). The attention given to Aaron's sons fits their later appointment as priests (Exodus 28:1).
- Exodus 6:26-27 (BSB)“It was this Aaron and Moses to whom the LORD said, “Bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their divisions.” Moses and Aaron were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt in order to bring the Israelites out of Egypt.”The genealogy concludes by identifying this Aaron and Moses as the ones commanded to bring Israel out and who spoke to Pharaoh.
- Exodus 6:16-20 (BSB)“These were the names of the sons of Levi according to their records: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Levi lived 137 years. The sons of Gershon were Libni and Shimei, by their clans. The sons of Kohath were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. Kohath lived 133 years. The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi. These were the clans of the Levites according to their records. And Amram married his father’s sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses. Amram lived 137 years.”The list focuses on Levi's line, through Kohath and Amram, to Aaron and Moses.
- Genesis 46:8-11 (BSB)“Now these are the names of the sons of Israel (Jacob and his descendants) who went to Egypt: Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn. The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman. The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.”The same sons of Reuben, Simeon, and Levi appear among Jacob's family who went down to Egypt.
- 1 Chronicles 6:1-3 (BSB)“The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. The children of Amram: Aaron, Moses, and Miriam. The sons of Aaron: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.”The Chronicler traces the same line from Levi through Kohath and Amram to Aaron and Moses.
- Exodus 28:1 (BSB)““Next, have your brother Aaron brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, to serve Me as priests.”Aaron and his sons are later appointed as priests, explaining the attention given to Aaron's family.
Theological
What is the function of the genealogy in 6:14-27, which begins with Reuben and Simeon but concentrates on Levi?
Answer: To establish the lineage of Moses and Aaron, the appointed agents of the exodus, and of Aaron's priestly line
The genealogy follows birth order through Reuben and Simeon only until it reaches Levi, the third son (6:14-16), and then traces Levi's line through Kohath and Amram to Aaron and Moses (6:16-20). Its closing statement identifies these two brothers as the ones commanded to bring Israel out and sent to address Pharaoh (6:26-27). Placed between Moses' objection and God's answer, it grounds the commission in Israel's history, showing the mediators to be true sons of Jacob (Genesis 46:8-11; 1 Chronicles 6:1-3). The attention to Aaron's descendants anticipates their appointment to the priesthood (Exodus 28:1).
- Exodus 6:26-27 (BSB)“It was this Aaron and Moses to whom the LORD said, “Bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their divisions.” Moses and Aaron were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt in order to bring the Israelites out of Egypt.”The genealogy concludes by identifying this Aaron and Moses as the ones commanded to bring Israel out and who spoke to Pharaoh.
- Exodus 6:16-20 (BSB)“These were the names of the sons of Levi according to their records: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Levi lived 137 years. The sons of Gershon were Libni and Shimei, by their clans. The sons of Kohath were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. Kohath lived 133 years. The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi. These were the clans of the Levites according to their records. And Amram married his father’s sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses. Amram lived 137 years.”The list focuses on Levi's line, through Kohath and Amram, to Aaron and Moses.
- Genesis 46:8-11 (BSB)“Now these are the names of the sons of Israel (Jacob and his descendants) who went to Egypt: Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn. The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman. The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.”The same sons of Reuben, Simeon, and Levi appear among Jacob's family who went down to Egypt.
- 1 Chronicles 6:1-3 (BSB)“The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. The children of Amram: Aaron, Moses, and Miriam. The sons of Aaron: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.”The Chronicler traces the same line from Levi through Kohath and Amram to Aaron and Moses.
- Exodus 28:1 (BSB)““Next, have your brother Aaron brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, to serve Me as priests.”Aaron and his sons are later appointed as priests, explaining the attention given to Aaron's family.
